mirror of
https://github.com/alfishe/amiga-bootcamp.git
synced 2026-06-13 00:26:28 +00:00
21751c0025
Comprehensive technical documentation covering: - Hardware: OCS/ECS/AGA custom chip registers, Copper & Blitter deep dives - Boot sequence: cold boot through startup-sequence - Binary format: HUNK executable spec, relocation, debug info - Linking & ABI: .fd files, LVO tables, register calling conventions - Exec kernel: tasks, interrupts, memory, signals, semaphores - AmigaDOS: file I/O, FFS/OFS layout, CLI/Shell scripting - Graphics: planar bitmaps, Copper programming, HAM/EHB modes - Intuition: screens, windows, IDCMP, BOOPSI - Devices: trackdisk, SCSI, serial, timer, audio, keyboard - Libraries: utility, expansion, IFFParse, locale, ARexx - Networking: bsdsocket API, SANA-II, TCP/IP stack comparison - Toolchain: GCC, vasm/vlink, SAS/C, NDK, debugging - Reverse engineering: IDA/Ghidra setup, compiler fingerprints, case studies - CPU & MMU: 68040/060 emulation libs, PMMU, cache management - Driver development: SANA-II, Picasso96/RTG, AHI audio All files include breadcrumb navigation. No local paths or proprietary content.
176 lines
3.6 KiB
Markdown
176 lines
3.6 KiB
Markdown
[← Home](../README.md) · [AmigaDOS](README.md)
|
|
|
|
# CLI and Shell — Command Interpreter
|
|
|
|
## Overview
|
|
|
|
The AmigaDOS **Shell** (called CLI in OS 1.x) is the command-line interface. It processes scripts, handles I/O redirection, pipes, and environment variable expansion. Understanding Shell internals is essential for writing scripts and understanding process creation.
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
## Shell vs CLI
|
|
|
|
| Feature | CLI (OS 1.x) | Shell (OS 2.0+) |
|
|
|---|---|---|
|
|
| Command history | No | Yes |
|
|
| Line editing | Minimal | Full (cursor keys, delete) |
|
|
| Pipes | No | Yes (`|` and `|&`) |
|
|
| Wildcards | Manual `#?` | Automatic in `Dir`, `List`, etc. |
|
|
| Resident commands | No | Yes (`Resident` command) |
|
|
| Background execution | `Run` only | `Run` + `&` suffix |
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
## I/O Redirection
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
; Redirect output to file:
|
|
Dir >RAM:listing.txt SYS:
|
|
|
|
; Redirect input from file:
|
|
Type <RAM:data.txt
|
|
|
|
; Append output:
|
|
Echo "log entry" >>RAM:log.txt
|
|
|
|
; Discard output:
|
|
Copy >NIL: file1 file2
|
|
|
|
; Redirect stderr (error output) — OS 2.0+:
|
|
command *>RAM:errors.txt
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
## Pipes
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
; Pipe output of one command to input of another:
|
|
List SYS:C | Sort | More
|
|
|
|
; Pipe both stdout and stderr:
|
|
command |& Filter
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Pipes create temporary files in `T:` (assigned to `RAM:T`). Not true Unix-style byte streams.
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
## Script Execution
|
|
|
|
Scripts are text files executed line by line. Use `.` or `Execute`:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
; Run a script:
|
|
Execute S:MyScript
|
|
|
|
; Or make executable and run directly (with Execute bit set):
|
|
Protect S:MyScript +s
|
|
S:MyScript
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Script Control Structures
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
; Conditional:
|
|
IF EXISTS SYS:Libs/68040.library
|
|
Echo "68040 detected"
|
|
ELSE
|
|
Echo "No 68040"
|
|
ENDIF
|
|
|
|
; Loop:
|
|
LAB loop
|
|
Echo "iteration"
|
|
SKIP loop
|
|
|
|
; Fail handling:
|
|
FailAt 21
|
|
Copy SYS:Missing RAM:
|
|
IF WARN
|
|
Echo "Copy had warnings"
|
|
ENDIF
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
## ReadArgs — Argument Parsing
|
|
|
|
AmigaDOS provides `ReadArgs()` for standardised argument parsing:
|
|
|
|
```c
|
|
/* Template syntax: KEYWORD/A = required, /S = switch, /K = keyword,
|
|
/N = numeric, /M = multi, /F = rest-of-line */
|
|
LONG args[4] = {0};
|
|
struct RDArgs *rd = ReadArgs("FROM/A,TO/A,ALL/S,BUFFER/K/N", args, NULL);
|
|
if (rd) {
|
|
char *from = (char *)args[0];
|
|
char *to = (char *)args[1];
|
|
BOOL all = (BOOL)args[2];
|
|
LONG *bufsize = (LONG *)args[3];
|
|
FreeArgs(rd);
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Template Format
|
|
|
|
| Qualifier | Meaning | Example |
|
|
|---|---|---|
|
|
| `/A` | Required argument | `FROM/A` |
|
|
| `/K` | Keyword (must use keyword=value) | `PUBSCREEN/K` |
|
|
| `/S` | Switch (boolean flag) | `ALL/S` |
|
|
| `/N` | Numeric value | `BUF/N` |
|
|
| `/M` | Multiple values (array) | `FILES/M` |
|
|
| `/F` | Rest of line (to end) | `CMD/F` |
|
|
| `=` | Alias | `FILE=FROM/A` |
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
## Resident Commands
|
|
|
|
Frequently used commands can be made **resident** (kept in RAM):
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
; Make a command resident:
|
|
Resident C:Dir PURE
|
|
Resident C:List PURE
|
|
Resident C:Copy PURE
|
|
|
|
; List resident commands:
|
|
Resident
|
|
|
|
; Remove:
|
|
Resident C:Dir REMOVE
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Requires the binary to be compiled as `PURE` (position-independent, no writeable globals in code section).
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
## Built-in Shell Commands
|
|
|
|
| Command | Description |
|
|
|---|---|
|
|
| `CD` | Change directory |
|
|
| `Echo` | Print text |
|
|
| `If/Else/EndIf` | Conditional |
|
|
| `Skip/Lab` | Loop |
|
|
| `FailAt` | Set error threshold |
|
|
| `Set/Unset` | Local variables |
|
|
| `SetEnv/GetEnv` | Global (ENV:) variables |
|
|
| `Alias` | Command aliases |
|
|
| `Path` | Manage command search path |
|
|
| `Prompt` | Set shell prompt |
|
|
| `Protect` | Set file protection bits |
|
|
| `Run` | Execute command in background |
|
|
| `Execute` | Run script file |
|
|
| `EndCLI` | Close this shell |
|
|
| `NewCLI`/`NewShell` | Open new shell |
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
## References
|
|
|
|
- NDK39: `dos/rdargs.h`
|
|
- RKRM: Shell chapter
|
|
- ADCD 2.1: AmigaDOS Guide
|