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Expand documentation suite: 30+ articles enriched with diagrams, code examples, and hardware details
Graphics: text_fonts (bitmap layout, styles), sprites (DMA, multiplexing), gfx_base (chipset detection), rastport (draw modes, clipping), ham_ehb (mermaid fixes), display_modes (HAM palettes) Devices: scsi (per-model interfaces, Gayle limits, CD-ROM, native vs vendor drivers), console (ANSI sequences, CON:/RAW:), parallel (CIA registers, pinout), timer (resource exhaustion), gameport (quadrature, XOR state) Libraries: workbench (WBStartup, AppWindow/Icon/MenuItem), rexxsyslib (ARexx port hosting, command parsing), diskfont (font directory, colour fonts), keymap (rawkey codes, dead keys), locale (catalogue system, date formatting), layers (ClipRect, refresh types), utility (TagItem chains), icon (DiskObject, ToolTypes), iffparse (IFF structure, ByteRun1), expansion (Zorro AutoConfig) Networking: tcp_ip_stacks (major rewrite - Amiga vs Unix architecture, SANA-II pipeline, PPP/SLIP dial-up, Ethernet cards, MiSTer), bsdsocket (pure API ref), sana2 (buffer hooks, driver requirements), protocols (all code examples). Deduplicated overlap between the three files. Toolchain: debugging (Enforcer patterns, SnoopDOS, GDB remote, kprintf checklist), sasc (pragma encoding, __saveds idioms), stormc (NEW - StormC IDE, C++, PowerPC) References: error_codes (DOS, Exec, trackdisk, Intuition error tables) Driver development: rtg_driver (Native driver analysis, P96 tuning) All 22 README indexes updated. Root README synced with stormc.md entry.
This commit is contained in:
Ilia Sharin
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38 changed files with 6402 additions and 1065 deletions
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@ -4,18 +4,93 @@
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## Overview
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`expansion.library` handles automatic configuration of Zorro II/III expansion boards. At boot, the OS scans the expansion bus and assigns base addresses to each board based on its AutoConfig ROM.
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`expansion.library` handles automatic configuration of Zorro II/III expansion boards. At boot, the OS scans the expansion bus and assigns base addresses to each board based on its **AutoConfig ROM** — a 256-byte structure that identifies the board's manufacturer, product, memory requirements, and bus type.
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Understanding AutoConfig is essential for FPGA core development — MiSTer cores that emulate expansion hardware (RAM boards, accelerators, RTG cards) must present valid AutoConfig data to the boot ROM.
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---
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## Zorro Bus Architecture
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```mermaid
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flowchart LR
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subgraph "Zorro II Address Space (8 MB)"
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Z2["$200000–$9FFFFF"]
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Z2A["Board A: $200000 (2 MB)"]
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Z2B["Board B: $400000 (512 KB)"]
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Z2C["Board C: $480000 (64 KB)"]
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end
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subgraph "Zorro III Address Space (1.75 GB)"
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Z3["$10000000–$7FFFFFFF"]
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Z3A["Board D: $40000000 (16 MB)"]
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end
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CPU["68020/030/040"] --> Z2
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CPU --> Z3
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```
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| Feature | Zorro II | Zorro III |
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|---|---|---|
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| Bus width | 16-bit | 32-bit |
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| Address space | $200000–$9FFFFF (8 MB) | $10000000–$7FFFFFFF |
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| Max board size | 8 MB | 1 GB |
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| Burst transfer | No | Yes (37 MB/s peak) |
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| Auto-sizing | No | Yes (dynamic) |
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| DMA capable | Yes | Yes |
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| Systems | A2000, A500, A1200 | A3000, A4000 |
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---
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## AutoConfig Sequence
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1. Board asserts `CFGIN` to request configuration
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2. CPU reads 256-byte config area at `$E80000`
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3. Board reports: manufacturer ID, product ID, board size, flags
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4. OS assigns a base address via `WriteExpansionByte`
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5. Board relocates to assigned address
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6. Next board in chain is configured
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The AutoConfig mechanism runs during early boot, before DOS is loaded:
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```mermaid
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sequenceDiagram
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participant ROM as Kickstart ROM
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participant BUS as Zorro Bus
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participant BOARD as Expansion Board
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ROM->>BUS: Assert CFGOUT chain
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BOARD->>BUS: Assert CFGIN (ready to configure)
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ROM->>BOARD: Read config area at $E80000
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Note over ROM: Parse manufacturer, product, size, type
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ROM->>BOARD: Write assigned base address
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Note over BOARD: Board relocates to assigned address
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ROM->>BUS: Pass CFGIN to next board
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Note over ROM: Repeat until no more boards respond
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```
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### AutoConfig ROM Layout ($E80000)
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The board presents its identity at the configuration address. Each byte is read from **even** addresses only ($E80000, $E80002, $E80004...):
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| Offset | Register | Bits | Description |
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|---|---|---|---|
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| $00 | `er_Type` | 7:6 | Board type: 11=Zorro III, 10=Zorro II |
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| $00 | `er_Type` | 5 | Memory board (1) or I/O board (0) |
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| $00 | `er_Type` | 4 | Chain bit — more boards follow |
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| $00 | `er_Type` | 3:0 | Size code (see table below) |
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| $02 | `er_Product` | 7:0 | Product number (0–255) |
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| $04 | `er_Flags` | 7 | Can be shut up (mapped out) |
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| $04 | `er_Flags` | 5 | Board's memory is free (add to system pool) |
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| $08/$0A | `er_Manufacturer` | 15:0 | Manufacturer ID (IANA-like registry) |
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| $0C–$12 | `er_SerialNumber` | 31:0 | Serial number (unique per board) |
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| $20/$22 | `er_InitDiagVec` | 15:0 | Offset to optional boot ROM (DiagArea) |
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### Size Code
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| Code | Zorro II Size | Zorro III Size |
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|---|---|---|
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| $0 | 8 MB | 16 MB |
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| $1 | 64 KB | 32 MB |
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| $2 | 128 KB | 64 MB |
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| $3 | 256 KB | 128 MB |
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| $4 | 512 KB | 256 MB |
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| $5 | 1 MB | 512 MB |
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| $6 | 2 MB | 1 GB |
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| $7 | 4 MB | — |
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---
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@ -25,27 +100,27 @@
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/* libraries/configvars.h — NDK39 */
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struct ConfigDev {
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struct Node cd_Node;
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UBYTE cd_Flags; /* CDF_* flags */
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UBYTE cd_Flags; /* CDF_CONFIGME, CDF_BADMEMORY, etc. */
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UBYTE cd_Pad;
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struct ExpansionRom cd_Rom; /* AutoConfig ROM data */
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struct ExpansionRom cd_Rom; /* AutoConfig ROM data (copied) */
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APTR cd_BoardAddr; /* assigned base address */
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ULONG cd_BoardSize; /* board size in bytes */
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UWORD cd_SlotAddr; /* slot address */
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UWORD cd_SlotSize;
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APTR cd_Driver; /* driver bound to this board */
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struct ConfigDev *cd_NextCD; /* next in chain */
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/* ... */
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};
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struct ExpansionRom {
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UBYTE er_Type; /* board type + size code */
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UBYTE er_Product; /* product number */
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UBYTE er_Flags;
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UBYTE er_Product; /* product number (0–255) */
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UBYTE er_Flags; /* can shut up, has memory, etc. */
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UBYTE er_Reserved03;
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UWORD er_Manufacturer; /* manufacturer ID */
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ULONG er_SerialNumber;
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UWORD er_InitDiagVec; /* boot ROM offset */
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/* ... */
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UWORD er_Manufacturer; /* manufacturer ID (16-bit) */
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ULONG er_SerialNumber; /* board serial number */
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UWORD er_InitDiagVec; /* offset to DiagArea boot ROM */
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APTR er_Reserved0c;
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APTR er_Reserved10;
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};
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```
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@ -57,9 +132,24 @@ struct ExpansionRom {
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struct Library *ExpansionBase = OpenLibrary("expansion.library", 0);
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struct ConfigDev *cd = NULL;
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while ((cd = FindConfigDev(cd, 2167, 11))) {
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/* manufacturer=2167 (Individual Computers), product=11 (ACA500plus) */
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Printf("Board at $%08lx, size %lu\n", cd->cd_BoardAddr, cd->cd_BoardSize);
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/* Find all boards from a specific manufacturer+product: */
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while ((cd = FindConfigDev(cd, 2167, 11)))
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{
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Printf("Board at $%08lx, size %lu bytes\n",
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cd->cd_BoardAddr, cd->cd_BoardSize);
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Printf(" Manufacturer: %u, Product: %u\n",
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cd->cd_Rom.er_Manufacturer, cd->cd_Rom.er_Product);
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}
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/* Find ANY board: use -1 for wildcard */
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cd = NULL;
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while ((cd = FindConfigDev(cd, -1, -1)))
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{
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Printf("Mfr=%u Prod=%u at $%08lx (%lu bytes)\n",
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cd->cd_Rom.er_Manufacturer,
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cd->cd_Rom.er_Product,
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cd->cd_BoardAddr,
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cd->cd_BoardSize);
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}
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```
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## Common Manufacturer IDs
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| ID | Manufacturer |
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| ID | Manufacturer | Notable Products |
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|---|---|---|
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| 514 | Commodore | A2091 SCSI, A2065 Ethernet, A2232 serial |
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| 1030 | Supra | SupraRAM, SupraDrive |
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| 2017 | GVP | Impact A2000, Series II SCSI+RAM |
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| 2167 | Individual Computers | Buddha, ACA500+, ACA1233 |
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| 2168 | Kupke | Golem RAM |
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| 4096 | University of Lowell | — |
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| 4626 | ACT | Apollo accelerators |
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| 4754 | MacroSystem | Retina, Warp Engine |
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| 8512 | Phase5 | CyberStorm, Blizzard, CyberVision |
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| 12802 | Village Tronic | Picasso II, Picasso IV |
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---
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## DiagArea — Boot ROMs on Expansion Boards
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If `er_InitDiagVec` is non-zero, the board has a boot ROM that runs during expansion configuration:
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```c
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struct DiagArea {
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UBYTE da_Config; /* DAC_WORDWIDE, DAC_BYTEWIDE, etc. */
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UBYTE da_Flags; /* DAC_CONFIGTIME or DAC_BINDTIME */
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UWORD da_Size; /* total size of DiagArea */
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UWORD da_DiagPoint; /* offset to diagnostic routine */
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UWORD da_BootPoint; /* offset to boot code */
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char da_Name[]; /* optional handler name */
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};
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```
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Boot ROMs are used by:
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- SCSI controllers (to boot from hard disk)
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- Network cards (to boot via TFTP)
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- Accelerator boards (to patch CPU-specific features)
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---
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## FPGA Implementation Notes
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For MiSTer or other FPGA cores emulating Zorro expansion:
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| Aspect | Requirement |
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|---|---|
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| 514 | Commodore |
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| 2017 | GVP |
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| 2167 | Individual Computers |
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| 8512 | Phase5 |
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| AutoConfig ROM | Must present valid er_Type, er_Product, er_Manufacturer at $E80000 |
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| Address assignment | Must accept base address write and relocate accordingly |
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| CFGIN/CFGOUT chain | Must implement daisy-chain protocol for multi-board configs |
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| Memory type flag | Set `er_Flags` bit 5 if board memory should be added to system pool |
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| Shut-up | Board must go silent after configuration (stop responding at $E80000) |
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---
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- NDK39: `libraries/configvars.h`, `libraries/expansion.h`
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- ADCD 2.1: expansion.library autodocs
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- Dave Haynie: *"The Amiga Zorro III Bus Specification"* — definitive bus reference
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- See also: [rtg_driver.md](../16_driver_development/rtg_driver.md) — RTG cards use Zorro AutoConfig
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- See also: [device_driver_basics.md](../16_driver_development/device_driver_basics.md) — driver binding to ConfigDev
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