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00_overview/history.md
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The Amiga was designed by Jay Miner's team at Amiga Corporation (originally Hi-Toro), beginning in 1982 under the codename **Lorraine**. The primary design goal was a low-cost personal computer with dedicated custom silicon handling graphics, audio, and DMA — freeing the CPU for application code. Commodore Business Machines acquired Amiga Corporation in 1984, incorporating the technology into what would ship as the **Commodore Amiga 1000** in July 1985.
The core insight was the **coprocessor paradigm**: three custom chips (Agnus, Denise, Paula) operate concurrently with the M68000, driven by a shared DMA bus arbitrated by Agnus. This allowed the Amiga to demonstrate colour animation, digitised speech, and multitasking simultaneously — capabilities competitors would not match for years.
The core insight was the **coprocessor paradigm**: three custom chips (Agnus, Denise, Paula) operate concurrently with the M68000, driven by a shared DMA bus arbitrated by Agnus. This allowed the Amiga to demonstrate color animation, digitised speech, and multitasking simultaneously — capabilities competitors would not match for years.
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@ -17,12 +17,12 @@ The core insight was the **coprocessor paradigm**: three custom chips (Agnus, De
| Component | Part Numbers | Role |
|---|---|---|
| **Agnus** | MOS 8361 (PAL), 8367 (NTSC) | DMA controller, Copper, Blitter, address gen |
| **Denise** | MOS 8362 | Display: sprites, bitplanes, colour decode |
| **Denise** | MOS 8362 | Display: sprites, bitplanes, color decode |
| **Paula** | MOS 8364 | Audio DMA (4 channels), disk I/O, serial I/O |
Key characteristics:
- **1 MB Chip RAM** maximum (512 KB in early A1000/A500 configs)
- 6 bitplanes → 64 colours (EHB mode) or 4096 (HAM)
- 6 bitplanes → 64 colors (EHB mode) or 4096 (HAM)
- 8 hardware sprites (16px wide, 2bpp)
- Copper coprocessor: 2 registers, WAIT/SKIP/MOVE instructions
- Blitter: 3 source channels + destination, minterm logic, line mode
@ -67,9 +67,9 @@ Machines using ECS:
| **Paula** | MOS 8364 (unchanged) | Same as OCS/ECS |
Key enhancements over ECS:
- **32-bit colour registers**: 24-bit palette (256 colours, HAM8)
- **256 colour registers** (COLOR00–COLOR255)
- HAM8 mode: 262,144 simultaneous colours
- **32-bit color registers**: 24-bit palette (256 colors, HAM8)
- **256 color registers** (COLOR00–COLOR255)
- HAM8 mode: 262,144 simultaneous colors
- **64-bit blitter bus** via `FMODE` register (1x/2x/4x word transfers)
- **BPLCON3 / BPLCON4**: sprite palette bank, bitplane bank select
- **DIWHIGH**: extended display window for overscan