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docs(amiga): complete AmigaOS 3.1/3.2 developer reference — 172 files across 17 sections
Comprehensive technical documentation covering: - Hardware: OCS/ECS/AGA custom chip registers, Copper & Blitter deep dives - Boot sequence: cold boot through startup-sequence - Binary format: HUNK executable spec, relocation, debug info - Linking & ABI: .fd files, LVO tables, register calling conventions - Exec kernel: tasks, interrupts, memory, signals, semaphores - AmigaDOS: file I/O, FFS/OFS layout, CLI/Shell scripting - Graphics: planar bitmaps, Copper programming, HAM/EHB modes - Intuition: screens, windows, IDCMP, BOOPSI - Devices: trackdisk, SCSI, serial, timer, audio, keyboard - Libraries: utility, expansion, IFFParse, locale, ARexx - Networking: bsdsocket API, SANA-II, TCP/IP stack comparison - Toolchain: GCC, vasm/vlink, SAS/C, NDK, debugging - Reverse engineering: IDA/Ghidra setup, compiler fingerprints, case studies - CPU & MMU: 68040/060 emulation libs, PMMU, cache management - Driver development: SANA-II, Picasso96/RTG, AHI audio All files include breadcrumb navigation. No local paths or proprietary content.
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02_boot_sequence/kickstart_init.md
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02_boot_sequence/kickstart_init.md
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[← Home](../README.md) · [Boot Sequence](README.md)
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# Kickstart Initialisation — ROM Scan, ExecBase, Resident Modules
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## Overview
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After hardware init, the Kickstart ROM creates `ExecBase` and scans for **resident modules** — the OS components compiled into ROM. This process builds the entire OS kernel from tagged structures embedded in the ROM image.
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---
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## ExecBase Creation
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1. Allocate ExecBase structure at a known address (end of Chip RAM)
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2. Initialise memory lists, library list, device list, resource list
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3. Store ExecBase pointer at **address `$000004`** — the global `SysBase`
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4. Initialise the Supervisor stack, interrupt vectors, trap vectors
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```
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After this step:
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*(ULONG *)4 == ExecBase pointer
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SysBase->LibNode.lib_Version == Kickstart version
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```
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---
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## Resident Module Scan
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The ROM scanner searches for **RomTag** markers (`$4AFC`) throughout the ROM address range:
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```c
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struct Resident {
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UWORD rt_MatchWord; /* $4AFC — magic marker */
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struct Resident *rt_MatchTag; /* pointer to self (verification) */
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APTR rt_EndSkip; /* skip past this address */
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UBYTE rt_Flags; /* RTF_COLDSTART, RTF_SINGLETASK, etc. */
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UBYTE rt_Version; /* version number */
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UBYTE rt_Type; /* NT_LIBRARY, NT_DEVICE, NT_RESOURCE */
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BYTE rt_Pri; /* init priority (higher = earlier) */
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char *rt_Name; /* module name */
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char *rt_IdString; /* version string */
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APTR rt_Init; /* init function or auto-init table */
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};
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```
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### Scan Algorithm
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```
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for addr in ROM_START to ROM_END step 2:
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if *(UWORD *)addr == $4AFC:
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tag = (struct Resident *)addr
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if tag->rt_MatchTag == tag: /* self-pointer validates */
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add to resident list
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addr = tag->rt_EndSkip /* skip past module */
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```
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---
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## Initialisation Phases
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Residents are initialised in **priority order** within each phase:
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### Phase 1: RTF_COLDSTART (flags bit 0)
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Called during cold boot, single-tasking (no scheduler yet):
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| Priority | Module | Description |
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|---|---|---|
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| 126 | `exec.library` | Core kernel |
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| 120 | `expansion.library` | AutoConfig Zorro boards |
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| 105 | `68040.library` | CPU trap handlers (if present) |
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| 100 | `utility.library` | Tag/hook support |
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| 70 | `graphics.library` | Display init |
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| 50 | `layers.library` | Clipping layers |
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| 50 | `intuition.library` | GUI subsystem |
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| 40 | `timer.device` | Timing services |
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| 30 | `keyboard.device` | Keyboard |
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| 20 | `input.device` | Input event merging |
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| 10 | `trackdisk.device` | Floppy |
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| −50 | `dos.library` | AmigaDOS file system |
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| −120 | `ramlib` | Disk-based library/device loader |
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### Phase 2: RTF_SINGLETASK
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Runs after all COLDSTART modules but before multitasking begins. Used by strap (bootstrap) module.
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### Phase 3: RTF_AFTERDOS
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Runs after DOS is available. External disk-based modules.
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---
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## After Resident Init
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1. Multitasking enabled (scheduler starts)
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2. `dos.library` creates initial CLI process
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3. Boot task launches `strap` → reads boot block from DF0: or boot device
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4. Control passes to `startup-sequence`
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---
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## References
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- NDK39: `exec/resident.h`
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- RKRM: Resident modules chapter
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