docs(amiga): complete AmigaOS 3.1/3.2 developer reference — 172 files across 17 sections

Comprehensive technical documentation covering:
- Hardware: OCS/ECS/AGA custom chip registers, Copper & Blitter deep dives
- Boot sequence: cold boot through startup-sequence
- Binary format: HUNK executable spec, relocation, debug info
- Linking & ABI: .fd files, LVO tables, register calling conventions
- Exec kernel: tasks, interrupts, memory, signals, semaphores
- AmigaDOS: file I/O, FFS/OFS layout, CLI/Shell scripting
- Graphics: planar bitmaps, Copper programming, HAM/EHB modes
- Intuition: screens, windows, IDCMP, BOOPSI
- Devices: trackdisk, SCSI, serial, timer, audio, keyboard
- Libraries: utility, expansion, IFFParse, locale, ARexx
- Networking: bsdsocket API, SANA-II, TCP/IP stack comparison
- Toolchain: GCC, vasm/vlink, SAS/C, NDK, debugging
- Reverse engineering: IDA/Ghidra setup, compiler fingerprints, case studies
- CPU & MMU: 68040/060 emulation libs, PMMU, cache management
- Driver development: SANA-II, Picasso96/RTG, AHI audio

All files include breadcrumb navigation. No local paths or proprietary content.
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[← Home](../README.md) · [Boot Sequence](README.md)
# Cold Boot — Power-On to Kickstart
## Overview
When the Amiga powers on or is reset (Ctrl-Amiga-Amiga), the 68000 CPU begins execution from the ROM. The boot process progresses from raw hardware init through to a fully running AmigaOS desktop in approximately 38 seconds.
---
## Hardware Initialisation (Pre-ROM)
### 1. CPU Reset Vector
The 68000 reads two longwords from address `$000000`:
```
$000000: Initial SSP (Supervisor Stack Pointer)
$000004: Initial PC (Program Counter) → ROM entry point
```
On Amiga, these locations map to Kickstart ROM at `$FC0000` (256 KB) or `$F80000` (512 KB). The ROM image contains:
- Word 01: SSP value (typically `$000400`)
- Word 23: PC value → ROM entry point
### 2. ROM Checksum
First code executed: compute checksum of entire ROM. If it fails → **red screen of death** (solid red background, no further boot).
```
Checksum: simple 32-bit additive checksum of all ROM longwords.
Result must equal $FFFFFFFF (complement to zero).
The last longword of the ROM is the complement value.
```
### 3. Chip Register Reset
```
- Write $7FFF to INTENA ($DFF09A) — disable all interrupts
- Write $7FFF to INTREQ ($DFF09C) — clear all pending interrupts
- Write $7FFF to DMACON ($DFF096) — disable all DMA
- CIA chips: reset timer, serial, port registers
```
### 4. Memory Detection
The ROM probes for available memory:
```
1. Test Chip RAM at $000000 by writing test patterns
2. Size Chip RAM: 256 KB, 512 KB, 1 MB, or 2 MB
3. Probe for Fast RAM at $C00000 (Ranger), $200000 (Slow/Ranger)
4. Probe for Zorro II auto-config space at $E80000
5. Probe for 32-bit fast RAM at $07000000+ (Zorro III)
```
### 5. Display Diagnostic Colours
During boot, the background colour indicates progress:
| Colour | Stage |
|---|---|
| Dark grey | ROM checksum passed |
| Light grey | Chip RAM sized |
| White | ExecBase initialised |
| Green flash | DOS boot starting |
| **Red** | ROM checksum fail |
| **Yellow** | Chip RAM test fail |
| **Blue** | Alert (Guru Meditation) |
---
## ROM Layout
### 256 KB ROM (Kickstart 1.x)
```
$FC0000$FFFFFF (256 KB)
$FC0000: Reset vectors (SSP + PC)
$FC0008: ROM header (version, checksum)
...
$FC0020: First resident module (exec.library)
...
$FFFFFC: Checksum complement word
```
### 512 KB ROM (Kickstart 2.0+)
```
$F80000$FFFFFF (512 KB)
$F80000: Reset vectors
$F80008: ROM header
...
$F80020: exec.library resident tag
...
$FFFFFC: Checksum complement
```
---
## References
- RKRM: *Hardware Reference Manual* — reset chapter